What is Census?

A census attempts to collect data from every single member of the target population, rather than selecting a sample. It provides a complete enumeration.

Why Census Matters

When practically feasible, it eliminates sampling error entirely, providing true population parameters rather than estimates.

Example

Common Mistakes

• Assuming a census has no error; it is still highly susceptible to measurement error and non-response bias.
• Attempting a census when a sample would be cheaper, faster, and yield higher quality data due to better control over measurement.