Research Methodology
Criterion Validity
The extent to which an operationalization of a construct predicts or correlates with a theoretically relevant external measure.
What is Criterion Validity?
Criterion validity is established by comparing the measure in question with an established external standard or outcome (the criterion). If the measure predicts future outcomes it is 'predictive validity'; if it correlates with a current standard it is 'concurrent validity'.
Why Criterion Validity Matters
It proves that the measurement has practical utility in predicting real-world outcomes that researchers or practitioners care about.
Example
The SAT has predictive criterion validity if high scores on the SAT strongly correlate with high first-year college GPAs.
Common Mistakes
- Choosing a weak or flawed external criterion for comparison.
- Assuming correlation with the criterion implies the measure captures the theoretical construct perfectly.