Deductive Approach
A top-down research approach that tests existing theories through specific empirical observations.
What is Deductive Approach?
The deductive approach begins with an established theory or general principle, from which specific, testable hypotheses are derived. Data is then collected to test these hypotheses, leading to the confirmation, rejection, or modification of the original theory. It moves from the general to the specific and is most commonly associated with quantitative research and positivist paradigms.
Why Deductive Approach Matters
Deduction is the engine of formal hypothesis testing. It allows researchers to rigorously evaluate the validity of existing theories in new contexts or with new populations.
Example
Starting with the theory of planned behavior, a researcher deduces the hypothesis that 'stronger peer pressure increases the likelihood of adolescent vaping.' They then survey adolescents to test if the data supports this specific prediction.
Common Mistakes
- Using a deductive approach when the phenomenon is entirely new and no prior theories exist to test.
- Failing to clearly link the specific variables measured back to the constructs in the original theory.