Epistemology
The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge.
What is Epistemology?
In research methodology, epistemology refers to the assumptions a researcher makes about what constitutes valid knowledge and how it can be acquired or communicated. It addresses the question: 'How do we know what we know?'
Why Epistemology Matters
Your epistemological stance dictates your research design. If you believe knowledge is objective and measurable (Positivism), you will likely use quantitative methods. If you believe knowledge is socially constructed and subjective (Interpretivism), you will likely use qualitative methods.
Example
A positivist epistemological approach to studying classroom learning might involve standardized testing and statistical correlation. An interpretivist approach would involve observing classroom dynamics and interviewing students about their experiences.
Common Mistakes
- Failing to align the chosen research methods with the underlying epistemological assumptions.
- Confusing epistemology (how we know) with ontology (what exists to be known).